A Unique Selling Proposition (USP, also seen as unique selling point) is a factor that differentiates a product from its competitors (eg. With the relative ease with which new journals can now be established, the launch of a new journal of media theory obliges us all the more to justify the need for such an endeavour (Cubitt, this issue), to argue that we do indeed need yet another journal theorising media (Shome, this issue), and to convince at least some readers that the journal deserves the name, Media Theory (Mitchell, this issue). A theory is defined as one or more relatively concrete and specific concepts that are derived from a conceptual model, the propositions that narrowly describe those concepts, and the propositions that state relatively concrete and specific relations between two or more of the concepts (1). This theory relates especially to public polling and its use in the media (Papacharissi). The relationship of medium, language, and message, as described in Propositions 2 and 5, is central to Figure 1, with messages explicitly drawn within the context of language and media. The history of the Internet and its core technologies provides one foundational proposition in this book. An actual … Raymond E. Feist says “Never accept the proposition that just because a solution satisfies a problem, that it must be the only solution.” It takes a major cognitive shift to understand that the way things are and have been, can be challenged. This theory, proposed by Daft and Lengel is also known as the ‘Information Richness Theory… Argumentation Theory. Ultimately, he argues, media can be both everything and nothing, while everything and nothing are, in turn, always potentially media. The unique selling proposition uses are not as practical to use as it was in the past. Attempts to grasp the character of “rapid and radical social change” and to construct reality in terms of its actuality have led many media theorists to relish the dissolution of the opposition between form and matter. He believed that the medium used to deliver the message has a significant effect on how the content is received and digested. Likewise, we may also be delimiting which regions of the world produce theory. For him, this should be a transdisciplinary project to actively refuse disciplinary closures, and to critically interrogate the scope and limits of specialisms and disciplines, in contrast to those who would defend them for their own sakes. In retheorising ‘media’ and its boundaries, it becomes essential to reconsider the boundaries of ‘media theory’ too, and, in ‘Configuring Media Theory’, Marc Steinberg questions the provincialisation of media theory by asking ‘what counts as (media) theory?’. * A chapter on medium theory takes the bold step of experimenting a little by summarizing basic causal statements and propositions. Taking the early 20th Century Blast Manifesto of the British Vorticist movement as her starting point, for example, Jane Birkin shows how the manifesto can be considered as a material object that makes declarations in form as well as content. Medium theory is a set of approaches used to convey the difference in meanings of the message conveyed with regarding to the different channels used to communicate it. Responding to this dissolution between form and matter, Mickey Vallee’s article, ‘Contiguity and Interval: Opening Media Theory’, turns our attention to the borders of mediation. Mitchell, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), http://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/article/view/9, http://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/issue/view/1. Such a task also entails rethinking what ‘theory’ might be in relation to media and media studies. Aware of its own mediation as an online and open access journal, Media Theory will aim to be a journal that is both recognisably an academic journal, by paying heed to scholarly conventions, as well as something new, by challenging those conventions and what we have come to expect an academic journal to be. Understood topologically, there is no division between the contiguous and the interval, but rather these terms are nodes in a network of continuous variation that underlies evolving definitions of media, bodies, environment, time, place and space. In ‘What Is a Journal for?’, Sean Cubitt argues that to survive, a journal needs, more than anything, a reason to exist. In 1945, Carey McWilliams wrote an article urging the radical idea of enacting laws against race discrimination: Race Discrimination and the Law. Like emphasizing violence in programs heavy TV viewer perceives the world as a more violent place. The relationship of medium, language, and message, as described in Propositions 2 and 5, is central to Figure 1, with messages explicitly drawn within the context of language and media. Media Theory is not, therefore, a journal that privileges any particular theoretical approach, perspective or tradition to the study of media, but nor is it simply a matter of disinterestedly presenting their diversity or that of the range of theoretical concepts or tools proposed or applied in media research. EVER SINCE mathematicians first began to study the measurement of risk there has been general agreement on the following proposition: Expected values are computed by multiplying each possible gain by the number of ways in which it Distinguishing between five overlapping and contradictory rules of media (the rules of none, one, two, three and all), Mitchell insists on the need for media theory to engage with media ‘on its own field’, to question its own antitheses and to be self-reflexive about its own metalanguage. Despite acknowledging the significance of algorithms to our everyday lives, however, most of us have no idea how they actually work, nor of the extent to which our tastes and desires are shaped by machinic operations. However, the ideas that come from this theory will help you build out … In Gary Hall’s ‘The Inhumanist Manifesto’, he adopts the manifesto mode of political writing to consider the links between his research interests in posthumanism, piracy, Marxism, open access and the commons, on the one hand, and, on the other, the various publishing ventures with which he’s been involved. Probably the most famous practitioner of medium theory is Marshall McLuhan. The first, Proposition 5.1, extends the proposition with regard to … Photo by Max Anderson on Unsplash. 8 . Lars Qvortrup suggests that complexity theory can and should be applied to new media. Media naturalness theory is also known as the psychobiological model. Infinite, indefinite (Mitchell, this issue) and ‘intrinsically plural as object’ (Cubitt, this issue), there is nevertheless always something outside media – the unmediated, the immediate, the presentation as opposed to the representation (Mitchell, this issue). This entry describes the core propositions, theoretical frameworks, key concepts, and empirical research of media dependency theory. It was introduced in outline by the American communications researchers Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur in 1976. The effort to deprovincialise media theory goes beyond inclusion of and dialogue with multiple disciplines, locations, identities and perspectives, however; it means decolonising and geopoliticising theory (Shome, this issue) and generating a critique of media power. Kendall, G. and Wickham, G. (1999) Using Foucault’s Methods, London: SAGE. But the purpose of theory is not just to help us understand or critique the contemporary condition; we need media theory, he argues, if we are to learn how to live the good life in such mediated and stratified times. Based on the medium-range theory described by Roy, using the models of diagnostic reasoning, validation of nursing diagnoses and causal epidemiological models. What is missing is the ability to demonstrate that social structure itself has mediating possibilities. For Vallee, media are both here and there, and mediation, which both connects and disconnects, is only possible in terms of its own ruptures and intervals. To do so necessitates the transcending and transgressing of disciplinary boundaries, and the bringing into dialogue of diverse theoretical approaches. Medium theory offers some gestural insights into the relationship between old and new media, but it does not provide a methodology for examining the relationship between the coemergence of a vast array of new media in the one environment. This journal aims to offer the best of both these types of media journal, as well as those non-media-related journals that privilege theoretical exploration and debate, with a particular focus on transcending theoretical, disciplinary and geographical boundaries. The focus is on medium theory and how the media influence consciousness and social structure. Category Archives: Category Theory ← Older posts Yet at the same time, the value of Concept. Two other propositions, regarding YouTube's reliance on Internet-based technology and historically relevant communication theories, specifically Cultural Studies and Medium Theory… According to the spiral of silence theory, if the media propagates a particular opinion, then that opinion will effectively silence opposing opinions through an illusion of consensus. John Potts Macquarie University, Sydney. Arguing that new concepts are needed to perceive and think in a highly techno-mediated world, to “think computation precisely as a problem; as a problem in need of relevant concepts”, Fazi argues that media theory is only an abstraction in the Whiteheadian sense that experience is always-already abstract, and that to abstract is not, therefore, to move away from the real, but rather “to construct it in terms of its actuality”. This article is taken from the inaugural issue of Media Theory, 1/1 – the ‘Manifestos’ Issue. 1. In ‘Media Theory 2017’, he looks back at Derrida’s theorising of ‘writing’ in Of Grammatology to argue for the contemporary importance of theorising presence, absence and temporality in media that have become digital, mobile and ubiquitous. Analyzing Information Technology & Societal Interactions: A Policy Focused Theoretical Framework, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecm064. There has in recent years, however, been a debate on whether or not media theory should be privileging media-centric approaches instead. We’ll try our best. One task is thus to perpetually reconceptualise what concerns us as the shared object of our studies, refusing consensus on what is to be included or excluded. Atomic Propositions- Atomic propositions are those propositions … This theory states that consumers use the media to satisfy specific needs or desires. Setting out the three basic orders of media – images/sounds/words – and mapping them onto other familiar triads from the history of media theory, from icon/index/symbol to gramophone/film/typewriter, he also reminds us that media is itself one part of a triad: that between sender and receiver in the transmission/communication model. If we are delimiting media theory to critical theory, then we ignore those theorists, such as Alvin Toffler, that fall on the wrong side of the divide. Ngai, Tao, and Moon (2015), for example, reviewed what they call an “exhaustive” list of theories that have been used in social media research, identifying nearly three dozen theories from an assortment of disciplines, but argue that no specific theories of social media yet exist. middle-range theory of causality in nursing diagnosis. The urgent need to develop new theories and concepts to keep up with rapid technological and social change has always been an important rationale for media theory. lowest cost, the highest quality or … Medium theory focuses on the particular characteristics of each individual medium or of each particular type of media (50, italics original; also No Sense 16). Foucault, M. (1977) ‘Nietzsche, Genealogy, History’, in DF Bouchard (ed) Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. This theory had its origin in foundationalism, a theory of justification or reasoning in the field of philosophy. a set of formal propositions relate medium to the other fundamental constructs in our field capture the interaction of three fundamental constructs messages languages media. Turning to the mediasphere, medium theory, media ecologies, mediation and mediatization, Flew argues that the journal should be open to consideration of those perspectives on the media that come from within the study of media itself, and engage in more speculative accounts of where our media technologies may be leading us socially, culturally, politically and economically. The central proposition of medium theory is that the vehicle of communication itself has a significant influence on the nature and content of human communication. For example, you may enjoy watching a show like Dancing With the Stars while … He is Maître de conférences (Lecturer) at Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), France, and the author of British Broadcasting and the Public-Private Dichotomy: Neoliberalism, Citizenship and the Public Sphere (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Today, as abstract data is captured, stored and analysed by machine learning systems in increasingly complex ways, new conceptual models for thinking about machine learning and artificial intelligence are required if we are to understand and critique what is happening beneath the surface of these new computational forms. Medium theory focuses on the particular characteristics of each individual medium or of each particular type of media (50, italics original; also No Sense 16). The version of record of this article is available here: http://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/article/view/9, The ‘Manifestos’ issue is available here: http://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/issue/view/1, CategoriesMedia Theory Journal, Vol./No. Nine propositions can help evaluators navigate the unique characteristics of complex systems, improve their evaluation practice, and better serve the needs of the social sector. Types Of Propositions- In propositional logic, there are two types of propositions- Atomic propositions; Compound propositions . The aim is not to establish a particular theory of any particular media, or to present the various theories of the various media; it is rather to theorise media by unravelling and teasing apart, by undermining and critiquing, and by providing genealogical accounts of alternative attempts at theorising media. The unique selling proposition uses are not as practical to use as it was in the past. Econometrica, 22, 23-36 (1954) 2 EXPOSITION OF A NEW THEORY ON THE MEASUREMENT OF RISKl By DANIEL BERNOULLI 11 §1. For Scott McQuire, we must continue to question the general understanding of ‘media’, where ‘mediation’ is seen as the production of ‘signs’ related to or representing something – such as voice, experience or event – that is somewhere else. In the meantime, we hope you enjoy the ‘Manifestos’ issue. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. In doing so, we can more ambitiously aim to geopoliticise and decolonise media studies, producing new epistemological frames within which to study media. Medium theory analyzes differences among communication environments. Assess the assumptions or propositions of this theory and point out its relevance to the . While Berry interrogates the medium specificity of algorithms and software to understand the former, Ned Rossiter considers the algorithmic production of subjectivity and affect in order to propose a response to the latter. In propositional logic, 1. This device underscores the goal of a theory which is to come to grips with testable statements. Simon Dawes introduces the inaugural issue of Media Theory: our special issue of ‘Manifestos’ (1/1). Learn about our remote access options. Top Takeaways. Media dependency theory provides a multilevel and ecological framework to explain individual‐level and societal‐level conditions that influence the degree of importance of media in individuals' everyday lives. Communication Theory argues that the different kinds of communication dynamics found in cyberspace demand a reassessment of the methodologies used to explore media, as well as new understandings of the concepts of interaction and community (virtual communities and broadcast communities). ), radicalising open access publishing (remixing; rethinking peer-review; theorising ‘openness’ and ‘access’), and problematising the concepts of ‘media’, ‘theory’ and ‘media theory’, as well as a conscious and consistent endeavour to bring into contact and into dialogue diverse theoretical and methodological approaches, so as to develop a transnational and transdisciplinary forum of debate on media theory and academic publishing. Research on social media theory in the public relations and communication literature is sparse. 1. Representing the rich (historical, geographical, disciplinary) legacies of media theory in the journal is important, he argues, to promote the kind of detached theoretical perspective that is required to provide critical distance in the face of accelerated technological change. Adhering for the most part to referencing conventions, the double-blind peer-review process, publishing ethics, indexing and archiving, and publishing articles with a creative commons licence that ensures the integrity and authorship of the article, we will nevertheless be open to experiments in radical open access publishing, including the possibility of open peer-review and remixing content. 1/1TagsChristoph Raetzsch, David M Berry, Gary Hall, Jane Birkin, Johan Soderbergh, John W. P. Phillips, Liam Cole Young, M Beatrice Fazi, Marc Steinberg, Mickey Vallee, Ned Rossiter, Raka Shome, Rob Shields, Scott McQuire, Sean Cubitt, Simon Dawes, Sunil Manghani, Terry Flew, W.J.T. Beyond the unambitious and yet impossible task of simply defining, listing and counting all these different potential types of media, or asking when and how something becomes media, Mitchell argues that the task of media theory is to provide an ‘account of such counting’; of the ways in which we have theorised media, as much as a theory of media itself. Medium Theory; or, “The War of the Worlds” at Regular Intervals by Maria José A. de Abreu This article rethinks media and mediation in light of medium theory. Components of nursing knowledge: theory. Thus far, the contributions to the journal have been from mostly – if, thankfully, not yet dead – white men from the global north. Rather, in emphasising ‘media’, ‘theory’ and ‘media theory’, the journal aims to deprovincialise media theory by bringing into dialogue and debate the diversity of ways in which media are theorised. Cultivation Theory. Because specialisms are not intrinsically valuable or collective enterprises, he insists, the journal’s transdisciplinary project should be to collectively enable (not determine) media theory, and to foster dialogue between specialist objects and schools of thought so as to “unleash the potential each of them has locked up inside its disciplinary firewalls”. Introduction. The first section opens with essays on media, metaphor and representation, beginning with W.J.T. For Liam Cole Young, such attempts at triadic thinking highlight the importance of imagination, conceptual modelling, speculative thinking and experimental writing to media theory. It does so through the analysis of the alarming potential brought by the reenactment of Orson Welles’s “The War of the Worlds” radio broadcast in Portugal in 1958. In many of the most well-established (and often commercially published) media journals, the theoretical element of individual articles is often restricted to the opening literature review section of peer-reviewed, empirical ‘research’ articles, while articles that are devoted to theoretical engagement and close reading of theoretical texts are demoted to un-peer-reviewed ‘commentary’ sections. For Media Theory, to theorise is therefore to ‘make, adapt, stretch and compact distinctions between terms that are generally familiar’ (Baehr, 2000: xix), to ‘dismantle’ traditions (Baehr, 2000: xlv), to ‘flush out assumptions’ (Kendall and Wickham, 1999: 30), to reconstruct the genealogy of theorisations and to reveal the ‘dissension of things’ (Foucault, 1977: 142); it is the “never-finished task and vocation of undermining philosophy as such, of unravelling affirmative statements and propositions of all kinds” (Jameson, 2009: 59). In the penultimate article of the issue, ‘10 Propositions for Doing Media Theory (Again)’, Christoph Raetzsch discusses the significance of the journal’s open access format, its focus on theory, and its emphasis on the international and transdisciplinary scope of media theory, which “delimits a space of inquiry where positions can meet outside their own disciplinary [and geographical] contexts”. For B2B marketing professionals, McLuhan’s ‘The Medium is the Message’ theory shows that the manner in which a message is communicated is greatly influenced by the channel that it is being employed. Medium theory offers some gestural insights into the relationship between old and new media, but it does not provide a methodology for examining the relationship between the coemergence of a vast array of new media in the one environment. Working off-campus? This ability to transmit, depends on whether the information will be used in times of uncertainty or equivocality. Despite numerous media studies attempts at theorising the secondariness, supplementarity and representationality of media, McQuire argues that new terms and concepts are needed if we are to understand the ways in which profound changes in all that we have understood as media – “in terms of scale, integration with everyday life, transformation of the archive, and the growing convergence of media platforms with other domains such as transport, logistics, finance, health, and e-commerce” – constitute a new register of experience that requires a radical rethinking of assumed relations of presence and absence. Media Theory is not, therefore, a journal that privileges any particular theoretical approach, perspective or tradition to the study of media, but nor is it simply a matter of disinterestedly presenting their diversity or that of the range of theoretical concepts or tools proposed or applied in media research. For despite the inh… For Shome, therefore, theorising media – rethinking “what media means, what it can mean, its histories, its scope of operations, and even the objects that may count as media” – is a question of geopoliticising knowledge production and non-Western mediated modernities on their own terms. For Steinberg, the need to locate media theory is a question of genre and industry, as well as of geography, as different systems of print capitalism in other countries would produce academic publications with different standards and forms, which would in turn produce different kinds of theory. Simon Dawes is the founding editor of Media Theory. Based on the medium-range theory described by Roy, using the models of diagnostic reasoning, validation of nursing diagnoses and causal epidemiological models. This is what, in her article, ‘Going South and Engaging Non-Western Modernities’, Raka Shome argues the journal should be doing. In emphasising the imaginative thinking, close reading and experimentalism of the literary stream, Young shows how media theory has been able to ground abstract ideas in material, discursive and technical contexts that have otherwise been neglected by more historical or philosophical approaches. Jameson, F. (2009) Valences of the Dialectic. Mitchell’s metaphorical reflection on what we talk about when we talk about media: ‘Counting Media: Some Rules of Thumb’. Although different designs reveal some common underlying characteristics, a comparison of such case study research designs demonstrates that case study research incorporates different scientific goals and collection and … Media Theory is thus both an academic journal on media theory, and an opportunity to self-reflexively critique and debate what media theory and academic journals are, have been and could possibly be. Taken together, they demonstrate a manifesto by example, in which Hall presents his own privileging of collaborative, non-competitive and not-for-profit work, emphasises the performative generation of projects as hyper-political, media gifts – providing space for “thinking about politics and the political beyond the ways in which they have conventionally been conceived” – and argues ultimately for the displacement of the humanist categories that underpin our ideas of academia, publishing and critique. Although originally allied with left-liberal causes, for example, Internet subcultures and discussion forums provided the breeding ground for the return to the mainstream of neo-fascists and white supremacists under the self-proclaimed banner of alt-right politics. Richness Theory… argumentation theory of times cited according to CrossRef: Proceedings of Internet! 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